{"id":24411,"date":"2023-02-20T10:06:46","date_gmt":"2023-02-20T08:06:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/?page_id=24411"},"modified":"2026-01-08T15:29:46","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T13:29:46","slug":"narcissistic-personality","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/psychology\/narcissistic-personality\/","title":{"rendered":"Narcissistic"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-100 py-5 mb-5 mt-3 has-background\" style=\"background-color:#f6fffc\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group container mw-900\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">There\u2019s an ever-growing interest in narcissism among researchers, psychologists, and the general population alike. For this reason, the term \u201cnarcissist\u201d is often used lightheartedly and without a full understanding of what a narcissistic personality actually is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Narcissism is a personality trait that\u2019s closely linked to how we relate to ourselves and other people.<\/strong> A highly narcissistic person believes they are superior to others and therefore entitled to special treatment. These people can be interpersonally exploitative, manipulative, and aggressive, with little regard for the needs and feelings of others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Someone\u2019s <strong>early experiences and relationships may influence how a narcissistic personality forms<\/strong> &#8211; but this connection is complicated. Therefore, this article will explore the relationship between attachment theory and narcissism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">To get a better understanding of how narcissism develops and specifically how it relates to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/blog\/four-attachment-styles\/\">attachment styles<\/a>, this article discusses:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group py-3 pl-sm-4 pl-2 pr-sm-3 pr-2 mw-700 has-background\" style=\"background-color:#eae2f9b3\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What narcissistic personality disorder is<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Whether there\u2019s a difference between a narcissistic personality and a narcissistic personality disorder<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The different types of narcissism: vulnerable and grandiose<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How narcissism develops<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If attachment styles influence narcissism<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Treatment approaches for narcissism<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-1100\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns row mb-0 justify-content-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column  col-md-5 col-sm-10 d-flex align-items-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full mb-0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"705\" height=\"850\" src=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-907-2-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25282\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-907-2-1.png 705w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-907-2-1-249x300.png 249w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-907-2-1-622x750.png 622w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-907-2-1-124x150.png 124w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-907-2-1-415x500.png 415w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-907-2-1-332x400.png 332w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-907-2-1-91x110.png 91w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 705px) 100vw, 705px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column col-md-7 col-sm-10 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading mb-md-5 mb-4 header-with-line has-text-color\" style=\"color:#513d62\">Introduction to Narcissism:<br>What Is a Narcissistic Personality?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Narcissism refers to a personality trait that\u2019s characterized by a strong sense of entitlement for admiration and attention. It lies on a continuum from healthy levels (such as having one or two traits) to pathological levels of narcissism, known as narcissistic personality disorder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Someone can have one or more narcissistic traits without having a personality disorder.<\/strong> For example, they might be very attention-seeking and have bad listening skills. But that doesn\u2019t necessarily make them narcissists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, <strong>if we move along to the more severe end of the spectrum, narcissism swiftly becomes destructive and pathological.<\/strong> It morphs into an obsession with promoting self-perceived superiority, hypervigilance to detecting challenges to authority, and aggressively examining potential competitors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These traits would be considered a narcissistic personality style as the person\u2019s behaviors and motivations are driven by narcissistic needs. Furthermore, on the extreme end of this spectrum is narcissistic personality disorder (NPD).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-100 py-5 mb-5 has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fff3f7\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-1350\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns row justify-content-center align-items-center mb-0 is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column col-lg-9 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading heigher-height mb-lg-0 mb-4 has-text-color\" style=\"color:#604c8d\">Do you know your attachment style?<br>Take our attachment quiz and find out now &#8211; fast, easy, free.<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column col-lg-3 d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/quiz.attachmentproject.com\/\" class=\"button-2 text-center\" rel=\"noopener\">Start Quiz<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group container mw-800 mb-5\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center mb-4 lh-1-5 has-text-color\" style=\"color:#917dbf\">The Differences Between a Narcissistic Personality and Narcissistic Personality Disorder<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>The main difference between having a narcissistic personality and NPD is how it affects a person\u2019s ability to live and function in society.<\/strong> NPD is a mental disorder that reduces a person\u2019s ability to function in many areas of their life and affects only around 1% of the population. In a clinical (psychiatric outpatient) setting rates of NPD have been estimated to be around 2.3% and in prison and forensic settings, this rate increases to at least 15%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">That means that <strong>when most of us commonly refer to \u201cnarcissists,\u201d we\u2019re talking about people with a narcissistic personality style rather than NPD.<\/strong> Nevertheless, the behavior and attitudes of someone with a narcissistic personality style are often destructive and even traumatizing for the people around them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Research has identified two types of narcissism: vulnerable and grandiose.<\/strong> Vulnerable narcissists come across as more insecure and restrained, while the grandiose type is extraverted, pompous, and attention-seeking. Although they express themselves differently, both types believe that they are special and superior, and are therefore entitled to act in an exploitative and manipulative way.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-100 pb-4 mb-5 pt-lg-0 pt-4 has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fdeeeb\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-1350 ml-0 mr-auto\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns row pl-md-0 mt-lg-0 mt-5 mb-0 justify-content-lg-start justify-content-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column  col-lg-7 col-md-8 col-sm-10 pl-lg-0 mb-0 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large mb-4\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"896\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-324-1-896x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Narcissism and relationship\" class=\"wp-image-24522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-324-1-896x1024.jpg 896w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-324-1-263x300.jpg 263w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-324-1-768x878.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-324-1-875x1000.jpg 875w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-324-1-656x750.jpg 656w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-324-1-131x150.jpg 131w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-324-1-438x500.jpg 438w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-324-1-350x400.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-324-1-96x110.jpg 96w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/image-324-1.jpg 1115w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 896px) 100vw, 896px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group ml-auto mw-75\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading mb-4 header-with-line-sm has-text-color\" style=\"color:#513d62\">Symptoms of a Grandiose Narcissistic Personality<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Grandiose narcissism is the more commonly known and talked about type of narcissism.<\/strong> As the name suggests, its main characteristic is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/early-maladaptive-schemas\/grandiosity\/\">grandiosity<\/a> (or \u201cpompous superiority and pretentiousness\u201d). Other characteristics of grandiose narcissists include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group py-4 pl-sm-4 pr-md-3 px-2 has-background\" style=\"background-color:#f98c8a\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Entitled thinking and behavior<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Exhibitionism<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hyper-aggression<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Extraversion<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Strong need for dominance and power<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Denial of any weaknesses or difficulties<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Self-enhancement i.e. taking all the credit for good outcomes and blaming negative outcomes on other people or circumstances<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anger and hostility when their expectations have not been met<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reducing the value of people that challenge their authority or status<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column col-lg-5  col-md-8 col-sm-10 d-flex flex-column justify-content-lg-center mb-lg-0 mb-4 mt-xl-0 mt-4 pt-4 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading mb-4 header-with-line-md has-text-color\" style=\"color:#917dbf\">How Narcissism <span class=\"text-nowrap\">Affects Relationships<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Narcissism is associated with a range of issues in relationships.<\/strong> Their love style is \u2018Ludus\u2019 which is characterized by game-playing, infidelity, deception, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/love\/benching-cushioning-cookie-jarring\/\">keeping others as backup options<\/a>, and an aversion to commitment and dependence. Other issues include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group p-3 pr-2 mb-2 has-background\" style=\"background-color:#f9f5ff\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Unpredictability \u2013 sometimes they are loving and affectionate, other times they are cruel and aggressive<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Manipulative behavior, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/psychology\/gaslighting\/\">gaslighting<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Verbal and emotional abuse including criticizing, belittling, shouting, etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Controlling, monitoring, harassing, and jealous behavior (known as cost-inflicting mate retention)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mb-5\"><strong>Most people turn their love toward other people. Narcissists turn this love toward themselves.<\/strong> They\u2019re not looking for true intimacy or connection but rather seek out relationships that elevate their status and power. For that reason, they look for partners who will adore and shower them with attention.<br><br>For more insights on navigating interactions with narcissistic individuals, check out our guide on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/psychology\/dealing-with-narcissist\/\">how to handle a narcissist<\/a>, which provides practical strategies for managing these complex relationships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading mb-4 header-with-line-sm has-text-color\" style=\"color:#513d62\">Symptoms of a Vulnerable Narcissistic Personality<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vulnerable narcissists are also called covert narcissists because <strong>their grandiose and entitled self-image is rarely shown outwardly.<\/strong> They come across as shy, constrained, and can even appear to have empathy. However, deep down they have the same core beliefs around their entitlement as grandiose narcissists \u2013 although they tend to deny this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>While the grandiose narcissist will dismiss and ignore threats to their superiority and entitlement, the vulnerable narcissist will experience shame, depression, and brewing anger.<\/strong> The following are other characteristics of a vulnerable narcissist:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group py-4 pl-sm-4 px-2 has-background\" style=\"background-color:#ffc8d0\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hypersensitivity to the opinions and feedback of others<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lower self-acceptance: they struggle with their entitled expectations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interpersonal distress, especially when their entitled needs are not met<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fragile self-esteem<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Emotional instability: their mood is easily influenced by threats to their entitlement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Preoccupation with grandiose fantasies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Exploitation and manipulation within different forms of relationships<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-900 mb-4\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center mb-4 has-text-color\" style=\"color:#917dbf\">Causes of Narcissistic Personality<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">To understand narcissism, we have to understand how it develops and how early interactions and relationships can shape this personality style. According to research, there are several early conditions that contribute to the development of narcissism, including:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group container mw-1000\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns row justify-content-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column col-md-6 col-sm-10 order-md-1 order-2 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading mb-4 title-background has-text-color\" style=\"color:#604c8d\">Overindulgence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mb-5\"><strong>Caregivers might admire and spoil their child to the point where the child believes that they deserve this treatment unconditionally.<\/strong> As they grow up, they likely realize that their entitled expectations are not satisfied by other people, which they find extremely frustrating and even infuriating. Other people become either suppliers of excessive admiration and attention or rivals who will be met with hostility and\/or rage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading mb-4 title-background has-text-color\" style=\"color:#604c8d\">Authoritarian parenting<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Extremely strict parenting that lacks love and affection but is rife with emotional manipulation (e.g. guilt or gaslighting) has been linked to the development of narcissism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Children who experience hostile and overly critical parents feel inadequate and unworthy and often compensate by exploiting others and aggressively seeking their admiration. <\/strong>This can also happen if caregivers switch between showering their child with love and admiration, and tearing them down with cruel and excessive criticism.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column col-md-6 col-sm-10 order-md-2 order-1 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading mb-4 title-background has-text-color\" style=\"color:#604c8d\">Abuse<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Being neglected or physically, emotionally, or psychologically abused makes a child feel worthless and unloved. It can be too difficult and painful to acknowledge these feelings. Consequently, the child might build a fantasy world in which they are loved and wanted by everyone, have power and status, and get whatever they want.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In other words, narcissism becomes a coping mechanism for being treated in a cold, hostile, and cruel way.<\/strong> Other people are seen as malevolent and untrustworthy and by rejecting their importance, the child protects themself from being hurt. So the entitled, grandiose, and aggressive behavior is a way to protect their fantasy world &#8211; their safe space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized mb-4 text-right\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"389\" src=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-367.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25312\" style=\"width:260px;height:210px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-367.png 420w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-367-300x278.png 300w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-367-150x139.png 150w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-367-400x370.png 400w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-367-110x102.png 110w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-1200 ml-0 mb-4\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns row pl-md-0 mb-0 justify-content-lg-start justify-content-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column  col-lg-5 col-md-8 col-sm-10 pl-lg-0 pr-lg-0 mb-0 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large mb-0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"477\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-323-2-1-477x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25323\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-323-2-1-477x1024.jpg 477w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-323-2-1-140x300.jpg 140w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-323-2-1-768x1648.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-323-2-1-716x1536.jpg 716w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-323-2-1-699x1500.jpg 699w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-323-2-1-466x1000.jpg 466w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-323-2-1-350x750.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-323-2-1-70x150.jpg 70w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-323-2-1-233x500.jpg 233w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-323-2-1-186x400.jpg 186w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-323-2-1-51x110.jpg 51w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/image-323-2-1.jpg 879w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 477px) 100vw, 477px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column col-lg-7  col-md-8 col-sm-10 d-flex flex-column justify-content-lg-center mb-lg-0 mb-4 mt-xl-0 mt-4 pt-4 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading mb-4 header-with-line has-text-color\" style=\"color:#917dbf\">How Attachment Styles Contribute to the Development of Narcissistic Personality Traits<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/attachment-theory\/\">Attachment theory<\/a> describes our innate need to connect with other people and how our earliest experiences of relationships shape our future relationships and many other areas of our life. They are fundamental to the way we relate to ourselves and other people, as well as our health and well-being, preferences, and fears.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Considering how narcissism develops, it\u2019s not surprising that there\u2019s a general consensus that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/blog\/insecure-attachment-in-childhood\/\">insecure attachment styles<\/a> play a part in the development of narcissism. <strong>However, the relationship between narcissism and attachment styles is not that easy to untangle.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This difficulty is in part due to grandiose narcissists\u2019 inflated self-image and unwillingness to admit to interpersonal difficulties. They have also been termed \u201coblivious narcissists\u201d because of the lack of insight they seem to have into their own behavior and how it affects other people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In studies, narcissists often report having attachment styles with a positive self-view, i.e. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/blog\/secure-attachment\/\">secure attachment<\/a>. However, secure attachment is related to relationship satisfaction, which is low in narcissistic people. Thus, <strong>it\u2019s more likely that narcissists are high in avoidant attachment, which we\u2019ll discuss in the next section.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vulnerable narcissists\u2019 self-esteem is quite fragile and although they <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/early-maladaptive-schemas\/approval\/\">seek the approval of others<\/a>, they experience strong anxiety as a result of relationships and, thus, tend to avoid them. This trait is aligned with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/blog\/disorganized-attachment\/\">disorganized attachment style<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/blog\/anxious-attachment\/\">anxious attachment style<\/a> is characterized by clinginess, approval-seeking, and a strong fear of abandonment and rejection. Although vulnerable narcissists have anxiety around relationships and seek the approval and admiration of others, their behaviors and intentions do not align with an anxious attachment style, which we\u2019ll explore in more detail below.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-900 mb-5\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity blue-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center mb-4 has-text-color\" style=\"color:#5099e1\">Avoidant Attachment Style and Narcissism<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">There\u2019s a significant overlap between grandiose narcissism and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/blog\/avoidant-attachment-style\/\">avoidant attachment<\/a>. However, people with avoidant attachment don\u2019t necessarily believe they are superior and entitled to special treatment and unconditional admiration. <strong>Grandiose narcissism could be described as an extreme form of avoidant attachment in combination with entitled and grandiose views of the self.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-100 position-relative\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-1100 mb-4\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns row justify-content-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column col-md-7 col-sm-10 order-md-1 order-2 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading mb-4 d-inline p-0 pr-1 has-text-color has-background\" style=\"color:#513d62;background-color:#ffe7cf\">Similarities Between Avoidant Attachment and Narcissism<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mt-4\">The avoidant attachment style is associated with distrust of other people and a tendency to avoid close relationships and emotional intimacy. When someone with an avoidant attachment style feels things are getting serious, they close themselves off and\/or leave the relationship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These people appear to be confident and extraverted and might have many friends and sexual partners, but these relationships are generally shallow. Avoidant individuals have high self-esteem and put a lot of importance on their independence. They distrust others and dismiss the need to have deep connections and form close relationships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, the profile of an avoidant attachment style could possibly be aligned with a grandiose narcissistic personality, as they both:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group py-2 pl-lg-4 px-2 mw-600 mb-4 has-background\" style=\"background-color:#c2dcf8\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hold a positive self-view and a negative view of others<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Seek relationships on a superficial level<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Deny the existence of weakness and emotional difficulties<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Are extraverted and confident<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Like narcissists, it\u2019s possible that avoidant individuals seek close relationships as a way to satisfy their needs, rather than seeking closeness and intimacy. However, <strong>there\u2019s no evidence to suggest that everyone who has an avoidant attachment style is narcissistic and there are some key differences between avoidant attachment and narcissism.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column col-md-5 px-md-0  col-sm-8 order-md-2 order-1 d-flex align-items-center mb-md-0 mb-4 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full mb-0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"824\" height=\"969\" src=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-938-2-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-938-2-1.png 824w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-938-2-1-255x300.png 255w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-938-2-1-768x903.png 768w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-938-2-1-638x750.png 638w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-938-2-1-128x150.png 128w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-938-2-1-425x500.png 425w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-938-2-1-340x400.png 340w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-938-2-1-94x110.png 94w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns row justify-content-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column  col-md-3 d-md-block d-none is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column  col-md-8 col-sm-10 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading mb-4 d-inline p-0 pr-1 has-text-color has-background\" style=\"color:#513d62;background-color:#ffe7cf\">The Differences Between Avoidant Attachment and Narcissism<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mt-4\">Grandiose narcissists show extreme levels of dismissiveness and see other people as inferior with little recognition of their autonomy and dignity. Instead, others are primarily seen as providers of attention, admiration, and gratification. <strong>People with an avoidant attachment style dismiss the importance of closeness and intimacy but they aren\u2019t necessarily exploitative and manipulative.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avoidant attachment develops as a result of an upbringing that was lacking in affection and love. Caregivers may have been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/love\/emotional-unavailability\/\">emotionally unavailable<\/a>, cold, and intolerant of their child\u2019s displays of emotion. As a result, the child learns that others can\u2019t be relied on and \u201cswitch off\u201d their need for or expectation that others will provide emotional closeness and support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This kind of upbringing can leave the child feeling worthless and unlovable. For some individuals with certain predispositions and traits, narcissism becomes a defense mechanism that protects them from feeling this way. They suppress feelings of inadequacy by (subconsciously) building a fortress around themselves, which they aggressively defend by means of arrogance, aggression, and hostility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another difference is that narcissism can also develop as a result of caregivers\u2019 overindulgence and submissiveness. The child learns they are entitled to unconditional special treatment and come to expect this from other people. When they realize that people don\u2019t satisfy their entitled needs, they dismiss their importance and only use them to satisfy their needs. <strong>This is in stark contrast to how avoidant attachment develops, as a child becomes used to their needs being rejected instead of overindulged.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized d-md-inline-block d-none absolute-image-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"312\" height=\"997\" src=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-1072.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25377\" style=\"width:156px;height:499px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-1072.png 312w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-1072-94x300.png 94w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-1072-235x750.png 235w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-1072-47x150.png 47w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-1072-156x500.png 156w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-1072-125x400.png 125w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-1072-34x110.png 34w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 312px) 100vw, 312px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-900 mb-5\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity red-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center mb-4 has-text-color\" style=\"color:#ae1d32\">Disorganized Attachment Style and Narcissism<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">The incoherent feelings and behaviors of vulnerable narcissists seem to be aligned with a disorganized attachment style. However, there are some important differences. So <strong>vulnerable narcissism might stem from a disorganized attachment style, but it\u2019s been combined with a strong underlying belief of entitlement and superiority.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-100 position-relative\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-1100 mb-4\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns row justify-content-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column col-md-8 col-sm-10 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading mb-4 d-inline p-0 pr-1 has-text-color has-background\" style=\"color:#513d62;background-color:#ffe7cf\">Similarities Between Disorganized Attachment and Narcissism<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mt-4\">The disorganized attachment style is characterized by both avoidant and anxious attachment behaviors. A person with a disorganized attachment seeks emotionally close relationships but fears being hurt or let down. They have an overall negative view of themselves and other people, including feeling unworthy and having difficulty with trust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This attachment style is called disorganized because its typical relationship patterns lack coherence: on one hand, individuals with this style have an extreme fear of rejection and thus avoid closeness and push others away. Yet, on the other hand, they strongly desire emotional closeness and intimacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>This profile is somewhat similar to that of a vulnerable narcissist,<\/strong> as they both:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group py-2 pl-lg-4 px-2 mw-700 mb-4 has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fbccbe\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Have considerable fear of relationships<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Feel inadequate to initiate and maintain their relationships<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hold a negative view of themselves and others<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Are emotionally labile (have rapid and extreme changes in mood)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoid relationships and getting close to others<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Disorganized attachment often develops as a result of childhood trauma &#8211; sometimes including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/early-maladaptive-schemas\/mistrust-abuse\/\">abuse<\/a> and neglect. The child experiences intense fear due to their caregivers\u2019 behavior. They seek closeness but learn that their caregivers cannot be relied on. Thus, other people are seen as unreliable as well as a source of fear, rather than safety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vulnerable narcissism may develop in a similar way. Growing up, they may have experienced abuse, rejection, and cruel behavior from their caregivers. <strong>However, not every disorganized individual is narcissistic and there are important differences between the two.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column col-md-3 d-md-block d-none is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns row justify-content-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column  col-md-5 col-sm-8 px-md-0 col-sm- d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center mb-md-0 mb-4 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full mb-0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"666\" height=\"898\" src=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Group-847-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24654\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Group-847-1.png 666w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Group-847-1-222x300.png 222w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Group-847-1-556x750.png 556w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Group-847-1-111x150.png 111w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Group-847-1-371x500.png 371w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Group-847-1-297x400.png 297w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Group-847-1-82x110.png 82w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 666px) 100vw, 666px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column  col-md-7 col-sm-10 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading mb-4 d-inline p-0 pr-1 has-text-color has-background\" style=\"color:#513d62;background-color:#ffe7cf\">The Differences Between Disorganized Attachment and Narcissism<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mt-4\">Vulnerable narcissism may develop as a result of caregivers switching between abuse and conditional praise. The child may have been intermittently praised and spoiled by both or only one of their caregivers, which created the underlying belief of their entitlement and superiority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>People with a disorganized attachment style generally avoid relationships out of fear of being hurt. This is not the case for vulnerable narcissists; they avoid relationships because they anticipate that their entitled needs will not be satisfied. They believe they are superior and fantasize about being idolized and powerful, but fear that others will not see or treat them accordingly. These individuals experience shame for needing anything from other people at all and as a result, they avoid relationships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, <strong>someone with a disorganized attachment desires emotional closeness and love. Vulnerable narcissists, like their grandiose peers, seek relationships to satisfy their narcissistic needs, rather than seeking close and intimate bonds with others.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Taken together, a disorganized attachment style isn\u2019t sufficient to explain the development of narcissism. Other factors, such as predispositions, certain personality traits, and caregivers switching between abuse and special treatment are likely to play a role as well.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized d-md-inline-block d-none absolute-image-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"285\" height=\"669\" src=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-368.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25398\" style=\"width:214px;height:502px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-368.png 285w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-368-128x300.png 128w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-368-64x150.png 64w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-368-213x500.png 213w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-368-170x400.png 170w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Group-368-47x110.png 47w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 285px) 100vw, 285px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-900 mb-5\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center mb-4 lh-1-5 has-text-color\" style=\"color:#917dbf\">Treatment Approaches for Narcissism <br>That Incorporate Attachment Theory<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Narcissism can be difficult to treat. In part because a grandiose narcissist will deny having any weakness or difficulties and will not seek treatment voluntarily. Additionally, vulnerable narcissism is more difficult to detect because their sense of grandiosity is hidden. This increases the risk of misdiagnosis and thus receiving the wrong treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Nevertheless, <strong>treatments for narcissism, especially narcissistic personality disorder, should have a strong focus on self-reflection and introspection.<\/strong> They should address attachment issues and build on a person\u2019s capacity to understand and empathize with their own and other people\u2019s feelings and mental states. Two therapeutic approaches have been found to be especially effective for treating <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/psychology\/personality-disorders\/\">personality disorders<\/a>:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-900 mb-5\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<style>\n    .behaviour-wrapper {\n        background-color:#eae2f9;\n        border-radius: 25px;\n        height: 100%;\n    }\n\n    #gutenberg-content .behaviour-wrapper h3 {\n        font-size: 20px !important;\n        margin-bottom: 1.5rem;\n    }\n\n    #gutenberg-content .behaviour-wrapper h3, #gutenberg-content .behaviour-wrapper p, #gutenberg-content .behaviour-wrapper a, #gutenberg-content .behaviour-wrapper li {\n        color: #513d62;\n        letter-spacing: 0.02em;\n    }\n<\/style>\n\n<div id=\"block_d42c85c6f7278f864e238af838c51451\" class=\"\">\n    <div class=\"container\">\n        <div class=\"row justify-content-center\">\n                                                <div class=\"col-md-6 col-sm-10 px-sm-3 px-0\"\n                         style=\"margin-bottom: 30px\">\n                        <div class=\"behaviour-wrapper py-3 px-sm-4 px-3\">\n                            <h2 class=\"mb-4\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Schema Therapy<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">The therapist helps the patient to understand how their symptoms and difficulties have developed and how they manifest in the present. It includes techniques from cognitive behavioral therapy, attachment theory, and psychodynamic therapy.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"col-md-6 col-sm-10 px-sm-3 px-0\"\n                         style=\"margin-bottom: 30px\">\n                        <div class=\"behaviour-wrapper py-3 px-sm-4 px-3\">\n                            <h2 class=\"mb-4\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Mentalization-based Therapy<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">This is a psychodynamic treatment rooted in attachment, cognitive, and neuropsychological principles that helps the patient to mentalize. \u201cMentalization\u201d refers to the ability to make sense of one\u2019s own and others\u2019 mental states including feelings, thoughts, intentions, and behavior.<\/p>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-1100 mb-4\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns row justify-content-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column col-md-6 col-sm-10 order-md-1 order-2 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading header-with-line mb-4 has-text-color\" style=\"color:#917dbf\">Final Words on Narcissism<br>and Attachment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Researchers agree that \u201c<strong>the association between a narcissistic personality and attachment are complex, if not confusing.<\/strong>\u201d Someone with a narcissistic personality has a disturbance in the way they relate to themselves and others. Attachment theory describes a model of how a person relates to themselves and others. Therefore, it\u2019s likely that narcissism develops as a result of insecure attachment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, <strong>narcissism doesn\u2019t develop from a single factor (such as attachment) but rather from a combination of factors, including genetics, temperament, personality traits, and certain environments.<\/strong> It\u2019s a complex condition that can have a detrimental impact on the person\u2019s ability to function as well as the people around them. Not everyone with a narcissistic personality is the same, so why and how it\u2019s developed is unique to the individual.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column col-md-6 col-sm-8 order-md-2 order-1 mb-md-0 mb-5 d-flex align-items-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full mb-0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"910\" height=\"861\" src=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Mask-Group-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24691\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Mask-Group-1.png 910w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Mask-Group-1-300x284.png 300w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Mask-Group-1-768x727.png 768w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Mask-Group-1-750x710.png 750w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Mask-Group-1-150x142.png 150w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Mask-Group-1-500x473.png 500w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Mask-Group-1-400x378.png 400w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Mask-Group-1-110x104.png 110w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 910px) 100vw, 910px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-100 py-4 has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fffaf5\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group mw-950\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"block-wrapper py-4 \" id=\"block_5b75ca1c2b7f1ef6304773af7b451381\" style=\" max-width: px;\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center\">\n        <button class=\"references-btn\" type=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-target=\"#block_5b75ca1c2b7f1ef6304773af7b451381-references-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"block_5b75ca1c2b7f1ef6304773af7b451381-references-collapse\">\n            References\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"references-text collapse mt-3\" id=\"block_5b75ca1c2b7f1ef6304773af7b451381-references-collapse\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Bhogal, M. &amp; Wallace, D. (2022). Cost-Inflicting Mate Retention Tactics Predict the Perpetration of Cyber Dating Abuse. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 8, 1\u20139.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Brennan, K. A., &amp; Shaver, P. R. (1998). Attachment styles and personality disorders: Their connections to each other and to parental divorce, parental death, and perceptions of parental caregiving. Journal of Personality, 66(5), 835\u2013878.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Dickinson, K. &amp; Pincus, A. (2003). Interpersonal Analysis of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism. Journal of personality disorders, 17, 188-207.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Fl\u00f3rez, G., Ferrer, V., Garc\u00eda, L.S., Crespo, M.R., P\u00e9rez, M. &amp; Saiz, P.A. (2019). Personality disorders, addictions and psychopathy as predictors of criminal behaviour in a prison sample. Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Sanidad Penitenciaria, 21(2), 62-79.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Lee, J.A. (1973). Colours of love: An exploration of the ways of loving. Toronto: New Press.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Meyer, B. &amp; Pilkonis, P. (2005). An attachment model of personality disorders. In M.F. Lenzenweger &amp; J.F. Clarkin (Eds.), Major theories of personality disorder (231-281). New York: Guilford Press<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Wetzel, E. &amp; Robins, R.W. (2016). Are Parenting Practices Associated with the Development of Narcissism? Findings from a Longitudinal Study of Mexican-origin Youth. Journal of Research in Personality, 63, 84-94.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Wink, P. (1991). Two faces of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 590\u2013597.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Vospernik P. (2014). The relationship of adaptive and pathological narcissism to attachment style and reflective functioning. The City University of New York.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Zimmerman, M., Rothschild, L. &amp; Chelminski. I. (2005). The prevalence of DSM-IV personality disorders in psychiatric outpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(10), 1911-8.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Zuckerman, M., &amp; O&#8217;Loughlin, R. E. (2009). Narcissism and well-being: A longitudinal perspective. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39(6), 957\u2013972.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<style>\n    #block_5b75ca1c2b7f1ef6304773af7b451381 p, #block_5b75ca1c2b7f1ef6304773af7b451381 li, a{\n        color:;\n    }\n\n    #block_5b75ca1c2b7f1ef6304773af7b451381 ul li, #block_5b75ca1c2b7f1ef6304773af7b451381 ol li {\n        margin-bottom: 10px;\n    }\n\n    #block_5b75ca1c2b7f1ef6304773af7b451381 ul li:last-child {\n        margin-bottom: 0;\n    }\n\n    #block_5b75ca1c2b7f1ef6304773af7b451381    .references-btn {\n        color: #ffffff;\n        background: #917dbf !important;\n        border-radius: 10px !important;\n        font-family: \"Family\", sans-serif;\n        font-size: 30px !important;\n        padding: 0px 48px!important;\n        font-weight: 700 !important;\n        height: 42px;\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n    }\n\n    #block_5b75ca1c2b7f1ef6304773af7b451381    .references-btn:focus {\n        border:none;\n        outline: 0;\n    }\n<\/style><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There\u2019s an ever-growing interest in narcissism among researchers, psychologists, and the general population alike. For this reason, the term \u201cnarcissist\u201d is often used lightheartedly and without a full understanding of what a narcissistic personality actually is. Narcissism is a personality trait that\u2019s closely linked to how we relate to ourselves and other people. A highly [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"parent":23224,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-24411","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Narcissistic Personality and Attachment Theory - AP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Get a better understanding of how narcissism develops and specifically how it relates to attachment styles. 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