{"id":37581,"date":"2024-04-02T16:21:48","date_gmt":"2024-04-02T14:21:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/?page_id=37581"},"modified":"2024-08-12T12:10:53","modified_gmt":"2024-08-12T10:10:53","slug":"drama-triangle","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/psychology\/drama-triangle\/","title":{"rendered":"Understanding the Karpman Drama Triangle: Persecutor, Rescuer, and Victim"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\r\n    h1{\r\n        font-size: 48px!important;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    #gutenberg-content #text_imageblock_8bdc1617a925e4aefa6d8b94550e4442 h1, #gutenberg-content #text_imageblock_8bdc1617a925e4aefa6d8b94550e4442 h2, #gutenberg-content #text_imageblock_8bdc1617a925e4aefa6d8b94550e4442 h3,\r\n    #gutenberg-content #text_imageblock_8bdc1617a925e4aefa6d8b94550e4442 h4 {\r\n        letter-spacing: 0.02em;\r\n        color: #513D62;\r\n        font-weight: 700;\r\n        line-height: 1.3;\r\n        margin-bottom: 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font-size: 28px !important;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    @media (max-width: 480px) {\r\n\r\n    #text_imageblock_8bdc1617a925e4aefa6d8b94550e4442 .text-wrapper {\r\n        padding: auto;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n        #gutenberg-content #text_imageblock_8bdc1617a925e4aefa6d8b94550e4442 img {\r\n            max-width: 100%;\r\n            height: auto;\r\n            object-fit: cover;\r\n        }\r\n    }\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"text_imageblock_8bdc1617a925e4aefa6d8b94550e4442\" class=\"container \" style=\"max-width: 900px;\">\r\n    <div class=\"row justify-content-sm-start justify-content-center\">\r\n        <div class=\"col-sm-12 order-sm-1 order-2\">\r\n            <div class=\"small-separator d-none\"><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"text-wrapper\">\r\n                <p align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-38433 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2.webp\" alt=\"Victim perpetrator rescuer triangle\" width=\"2250\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2.webp 2250w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2-1536x1024.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2-2048x1365.webp 2048w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2-2000x1333.webp 2000w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2-1500x1000.webp 1500w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2-1000x667.webp 1000w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2-800x533.webp 800w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2-750x500.webp 750w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2-617x411.webp 617w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2-150x100.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2-500x333.webp 500w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2-400x267.webp 400w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2-247x165.webp 247w, https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dramatriangle2-110x73.webp 110w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2250px) 100vw, 2250px\" \/><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">The <strong>Drama Triangle<\/strong> (based on the work of <em>Karpman\u2019s Drama Triangle<\/em>) can help us understand how we tend to fall into unhealthy roles in relationships. This article can help you understand <strong>how to break out of the Drama Triangle<\/strong> and lead healthier relationships.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Do you ever feel like \u2013 no matter how hard you try to avoid it \u2013 drama seems to lurk around every corner? Drama is often an unavoidable part of life, but some of us end up immersed in drama more than others. In other words, we might spend more time caught in the <i>Drama Triangle.<\/i><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">The Karpman <i>Drama Triangle<\/i> is made up of three roles: the <i>Victim<\/i>, the <i>Rescuer,<\/i> and the <i>Persecutor<\/i>. When we step into any one of these roles, we infuse our relationships with unhealthy behaviors.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Certain personality traits, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/psychology\/narcissistic-personality\/\">narcissism<\/a>, and certain life experiences, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/blog\/insecure-attachment-in-childhood\/\">insecure attachment<\/a>, can make us more likely to fall into these unhealthy patterns. However, we can choose to behave differently and sidestep the <strong>Drama Triangle<\/strong> altogether \u2013 we just need to know how.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">To answer all of your questions on the Karpman<i> Drama Triangle<\/i>, this article covers:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What the <i>Drama Triangle<\/i> is<\/li>\n<li>Real-life examples of the Karpman <i>Drama Triangle<\/i><\/li>\n<li>The connection between the <i>Drama Triangle<\/i> and narcissism<\/li>\n<li>3 ways to escape the <i>Drama Triangle<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"left\">Although insecure attachment can lead to being caught in at least one of the <i>Drama Triangle<\/i>. If you would like to better understand your attachment style, take our free <a href=\"https:\/\/quiz.attachmentproject.com\"><u>attachment style test<\/u><\/a> and receive your free report.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">You can also read up on each style in our articles on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/blog\/secure-attachment\/\"><u>secure<\/u><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/blog\/anxious-attachment\/\"><u>anxious<\/u><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/blog\/avoidant-attachment-style\/\"><u>avoidant<\/u><\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/blog\/fearful-avoidant-attachment-style\/\"><u>fearful-avoidant<\/u><\/a> attachment styles.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\"><b>The Drama Triangle Explained<\/b><\/h2>\n<p align=\"left\">So, to begin, what exactly is the Karpman Drama Triangle?<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">The concept of the Drama Triangle was proposed by psychiatrist Stephen Karpman in 1968. As a model of social interaction, Karpman believed that the Drama Triangle effectively described how we often adopt one of three unhealthy roles when attempting to resolve conflict. These roles are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <i>Victim<\/i><\/li>\n<li>The <i>Rescuer<\/i><\/li>\n<li>The <i>Persecutor<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"left\">Although we are capable of shifting between these three roles depending on our unique circumstances and situation, more often than not, we assume only one. Also, our early years may influence the role we fall into. For instance, if you grew up with an authoritarian or punitive parent, you might fall into the <strong>Persecutor role<\/strong> when your child doesn\u2019t behave as expected. Alternatively, a similar childhood may also cause you to take an opposing role such as the <strong>Rescuer<\/strong> if you deem your best friend\u2019s partner to be treating them poorly.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">To help clarify each role and the stances they take, let\u2019s examine each in turn, starting with the Victim.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><b>The Victim<\/b><\/h3>\n<p align=\"left\">Before we talk about the <strong>Victim<\/strong>, it\u2019s important to make a distinction: we\u2019re not talking about an actual victim (someone who was harmed by a traumatic event). Instead, we\u2019re talking about times when we act like a victim.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">The Victim is often described as having the \u201cPoor me\u201d mindset. In this stance, feeling hopeless, trapped, ashamed, embarrassed, and helpless is the norm.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">In the Victim stance, we doubt our capabilities and look to others for guidance, allowing them to take responsibility and control over our lives. The people we seek out when we\u2019re in the Victim position tend to be Rescuers. But what is a Rescuer?<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><b>The Rescuer<\/b><\/h3>\n<p align=\"left\">\u201cLet me help you\u201d is the stance the <strong>Rescuer<\/strong> usually takes. The Rescuer is often available to come to other people\u2019s aid, especially when that person falls into the Victim role. Rescuers see Victims as vulnerable and do their best to intervene and save them from Persecutors.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Unfortunately, Rescuers feel so compelled to help Victims that they may sacrifice their own time, energy, and needs in the process.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><b>The Persecutor<\/b><\/h3>\n<p align=\"left\">The <strong>Persecutor<\/strong>, on the other hand, is critical. Imagine someone saying, \u201cThis is all your fault\u201d \u2013 this is textbook Persecutor behavior.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">When a person is in the Persecutor role, they:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Are critical of another person\u2019s actions, either not understanding why the person acted in a certain way or assuming the person had negative intentions.<\/li>\n<li>Respond with judgmental criticism.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p align=\"left\">By acting in this way, the Persecutor belittles the other person, making them feel useless, ashamed, and inadequate. In other words, they pull them into the Victim role.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">It\u2019s important to note that while the Persecutor is typically critical of someone else, they are also often critical of themselves. In this way, they may flip between the Persecutor and Victim roles, being critical in some instances and feeling helpless and vulnerable in others.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Unfortunately, stepping into the Drama Triangle, whatever the role we take, is maladaptive. So, if you\u2019re asking, \u201cWhich position should I be in?\u201d The answer is none of them. Instead, the road to healthy relationships lies in stepping out of the Drama Triangle altogether. More on this later in this article.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">First, nothing helps us understand a concept such as the Victim-Persecutor-Rescuer-Triangle\u00a0more than a couple of real-life examples.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\"><b>Karpman Drama Triangle Examples<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><b>Scenario 1<\/b><\/h3>\n<p align=\"left\">Your boss gave you a project but the instructions weren\u2019t clear \u2013 they\u2019re not the type of person to stick around and answer questions, so you\u2019re left to figure it out. You turn to your supervisor for guidance, and they\u2019re put out on your behalf.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">You hand the project back, and your boss isn\u2019t happy with it. They criticize you for doing a \u201csubpar\u201d job. You say nothing and take the grilling. You think to yourself, \u201cPerhaps I should have done more. Maybe I should have asked more questions. Why am I so useless?\u201d<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Your supervisor overhears the conversation and comes to your aid. They explain to your boss exactly why the task wasn\u2019t done to their liking and place the blame on your boss.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">In this scenario, your boss has stepped into the <i>Persecutor<\/i> role. They\u2019re angry that the work wasn\u2019t done to their liking, and they want to hold you accountable. They see it as their responsibility to right the wrong. Their behaviors automatically put you into the <i>Victim <\/i>role, and you\u2019re left feeling helpless and inadequate. When your supervisor steps in, they assume the <i>Rescuer <\/i>role. They see you being picked on unfairly, and they feel compelled to intervene.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><b>Scenario 2<\/b><\/h3>\n<p align=\"left\">Your Dad had an authoritarian parenting style that often meant he criticized what you did when you were a child. One time, you fell while riding your bike. You went to your Dad for support and comfort, but you were met with criticism. He said, \u201cRiding a bike isn\u2019t hard \u2013 how did you fall off?!\u201d You felt stupid for messing up on something as simple as riding a bike.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Your Mom came into the room and saw your bloody knee. Immediately, she came to your aid \u2013 cleaning you up and covering your cut with a bandaid. She told you that it\u2019s OK and that many children fall off bikes.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">In this scenario, your Dad took the <i>Persecutor<\/i> role, pulling you into the<i> Victim<\/i> stance. When your Mom came and offered comfort and reassurance and bandaged you up, she became the <i>Rescuer.<\/i><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\"><b>The Connection Between the Karpman Triangle and Narcissism<\/b><\/h2>\n<p align=\"left\">Some people may feel more \u201ctrapped\u201d in the <i>Drama Triangle<\/i> than others, but there\u2019s a variety of reasons for why this might be the case. Perhaps the most significant of these reasons is <u>narcissism<\/u>.<\/p>\n<table width=\"624\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"7\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"text-center\" valign=\"top\" width=\"608\"><b>Narcissism is a personality trait that involves being overly self-involved, to the point where others\u2019 wants and needs are disregarded. <\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Narcissism, although often a variety of personality traits, can also be part of a disorder known as <i>narcissistic personality disorder<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Narcissism is a hot topic of late, especially considering its connection to issues such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/psychology\/gaslighting\/\"><u>gaslighting<\/u><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.attachmentproject.com\/love\/love-bombing\/\"><u>love bombing<\/u><\/a>. Despite the fact that there\u2019s still a lot to be understood about narcissism, experts have noticed a series of patterns when it comes to narcissism and the <i>Drama Triangle<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Firstly, narcissists seem to naturally fall into the role of the Persecutor more than any other position in the Drama Triangle.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Secondly, narcissists and Rescuers often gravitate toward one another. Narcissists tend to always want more, more, more, and Rescuers typically like to give, share, and help out. Perhaps on a surface level, this has the makings of a great coupling \u2013 on a surface level, anyway.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">The problem is, narcissists and Rescuers unconsciously play out the agreement, \u201cYou can\u2019t be without me.\u201d This agreement facilitates the narcissists relying on the Rescuers for validation, and the Rescuers feeling naturally rewarded for giving. As a result, narcissists and Rescuers become increasingly dependent on one another.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">As time progresses, Rescuers become tired and frustrated by their needs being ignored and having the responsibility of being problem-solvers. So, they slip into the Victim role. Or, if they become angry and want to blame the narcissist, they take the Persecutor role, putting the narcissist in the helpless Victim role. But if you\u2019ve ever met a narcissist, you\u2019ll know that they have a need to be in control. So, when someone else puts them in the Victim role, there may likely be a power struggle as they try to take the superior and less vulnerable position of the Persecutor.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Experts suggest that narcissists never step out of the Drama Triangle \u2013 they\u2019re always in one position, and it\u2019s usually the Persecutor. However, regardless of whether we\u2019re narcissistic or not,<strong> we can escape the Drama Triangle<\/strong>, it just takes an effective approach.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\"><b>How to Get Out of the Drama Triangle<\/b><\/h2>\n<p align=\"left\">When we spend time in the Drama Triangle, we do two things:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Create unequal, drama-dominated relationships.<\/li>\n<li>Keep relationships from developing and functioning in healthy and happy ways.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p align=\"left\">So, if you find yourself stepping into the Drama Triangle often, know that understanding the dynamics of the Drama Triangle is the first step to escaping it. However, to truly escape the Drama Triangle, you have to take action to step away from the unhealthy roles.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><b>1. Start With Awareness<\/b><\/h3>\n<p align=\"left\">Once you become aware of your behaviors, you can begin to notice your unhealthy reactions in the moment, pause, and alter your response. Mindfulness meditation and journaling are some of the best ways to get started with this.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Research suggests that mindfulness meditation can help you get a better understanding of your emotions, reduce your stress, improve your concentration, ease any difficult thoughts, and improve your relationships.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Journaling can reduce your stress, increase your mindfulness, enhance memory, help you develop better problem-solving skills, and improve your emotional regulation.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Therefore, mindfulness and journaling are two of the best tools as a starting point to understand where you sit on the Drama Triangle.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><b>2. Recognize the Shift You Need to Make<\/b><\/h3>\n<p align=\"left\">Once you\u2019ve gained awareness, you can begin to shift your role. In his book, <i>The Power of TED<\/i>, John David Womeldorff (a life coach and executive leadership development professional) proposes the following three shifts:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><i>Victim \u2192 Creator<\/i><\/li>\n<li><i>Persecutor \u2192 Challenger<\/i><\/li>\n<li><i>Rescuer \u2192 Coach<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p align=\"left\">Let\u2019s explore each shift in more detail.<\/p>\n<h4><b>From Victim to Creator<\/b><\/h4>\n<p align=\"left\">If you most often take the role of the<i> Victim,<\/i> your shift is to become the <i>Creator.<\/i> The <i>Creator <\/i>wants to create and be their best self\u2014it involves three key beliefs.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">These beliefs are:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><i>I am enough.<\/i><\/li>\n<li><i>I get to choose my response to events in life.<\/i><\/li>\n<li><i>I am dedicated to learning and developing, even when I face hurdles or bumps in my journey.<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4><b>From Persecutor to Challenger<\/b><\/h4>\n<p align=\"left\">If you find yourself slipping into the <i>Persecutor<\/i> role more often than not, your goal is to become the <i>Challenger.<\/i> <i>Challengers<\/i> encourage themselves (and others) to step up and grow so they can become the best person they can be. They have three key beliefs:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><i>We\u2019re meant to learn and grow.<\/i><\/li>\n<li><i>In a world that\u2019s unpredictable, my values are the most important thing.<\/i><\/li>\n<li><i>Life isn\u2019t about blame and judgment but about being honest. <\/i><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4><b>From Rescuer to Coach<\/b><\/h4>\n<p align=\"left\">If you read about the <i>Rescuer<\/i> role and thought, \u201cThat\u2019s me!\u201d your task is to become a <i>Coach<\/i>. <i>Coaches<\/i> ask the fundamental question, \u201cWhat do I want?\u201d The <i>Coach<\/i> role is about being curious about your aspirations and finding new and innovative ways to achieve your goals. The three key beliefs of a<i> Coach<\/i> are:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><i>Every human has innate wisdom.<\/i><\/li>\n<li><i>I fully trust the discovery process.<\/i><\/li>\n<li><i>I am the only one who has the power to decide what I want.<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><b>3. Seek Professional Support<\/b><\/h3>\n<p align=\"left\">It is possible to step out of the <strong>Victim-Persecutor-Rescuer-Triangle<\/strong> by yourself, but it takes a lot of hard work and determination. Therefore, the third step to escaping the <i>Drama Triangle<\/i> for most is to seek professional support from a counselor, therapist, or psychiatrist.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Mental health professionals are highly trained to help you understand your unhealthy patterns of behavior. What\u2019s more, they can help you process your past unhealthy relationships and give you the tools to act in different ways; i.e., to make the shift from Victim to Creator, Persecutor to Challenger, or Rescuer to Coach.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\"><b>Final Word on the Karpman Drama Triangle<\/b><\/h2>\n<p align=\"left\">If you find yourself getting into drama too often, chances are you\u2019re stuck in the <strong>Karpman Drama Triangle<\/strong>. Whether you fall into the Victim, Persecutor, or Rescuer role, these unhealthy patterns of behavior could be stopping you from experiencing truly healthy, mutually fulfilling relationships.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">The good news is that this cycle doesn\u2019t have to be your permanent pattern of behavior: you can choose to escape it. Releasing yourself from the Drama Triangle requires enhanced self-awareness, learning about the direction you need to shift in (and why), and perhaps consulting a mental health professional for support.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Once these steps are taken, the door to the past will close, and the one to a positive future will open \u2013 one with healthy, meaningful relationships that stand the test of time.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"block-wrapper py-4 \" id=\"block_c6b87e5dba23b44cf8d359193cb817de\" style=\" max-width: 900px;\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center\">\n        <button class=\"references-btn\" type=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\"\n                data-target=\"#block_c6b87e5dba23b44cf8d359193cb817de-references-collapse\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"block_c6b87e5dba23b44cf8d359193cb817de-references-collapse\">\n            References\n        <\/button>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"references-text collapse mt-3\" id=\"block_c6b87e5dba23b44cf8d359193cb817de-references-collapse\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">Emerald, D. (2015). <i>The Power of TED* (*the Empowerment Dynamic): 10th Anniversary Edition<\/i>. Polaris Publishing.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">Fjelstad, M. (2013). <i>Stop Caretaking the Borderline Or Narcissist: How to End the Drama and Get on with Life.<\/i> Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">Karpman, S. (1968). Fairy tales and script drama analysis. <i>Transactional analysis bulletin, 7<\/i>(26), 39-43.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">Karpman, S. (1984). Frustration and Burnout. In <i>Bulletin of the Eric Berne Seminar<\/i> (Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 7-11).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">Lac, A., &amp; Donaldson, C. D. (2020). Development and validation of the drama triangle scale: Are you a victim, rescuer, or persecutor?<i> Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37<\/i>(7\u20138), NP4057\u2013NP4081.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">McMahon, D. (2005). The drama triangle.<i> The skilled facilitator fieldbook: Tips, tools, and tested methods for consultants, facilitators, managers, trainers, and coaches, <\/i>421-431.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"left\">Vago, D. R., &amp; Silbersweig, D. (2012). Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness. <i>Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6.<\/i><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<style>\n    #block_c6b87e5dba23b44cf8d359193cb817de p, #block_c6b87e5dba23b44cf8d359193cb817de li, a{\n        color:#333840;\n    }\n\n    #block_c6b87e5dba23b44cf8d359193cb817de ul li, #block_c6b87e5dba23b44cf8d359193cb817de ol li {\n        margin-bottom: 10px;\n    }\n\n    #block_c6b87e5dba23b44cf8d359193cb817de ul li:last-child {\n        margin-bottom: 0;\n    }\n\n    #block_c6b87e5dba23b44cf8d359193cb817de    .references-btn {\n        color: #ffffff;\n        background: #513d62 !important;\n        border-radius: 15px !important;\n        font-family: \"Family\", sans-serif;\n        font-size: 30px !important;\n        padding:  0px 28px!important;\n        font-weight: 700 !important;\n        height: 52px;\n        display: flex;\n        align-items: center;\n    }\n\n    #block_c6b87e5dba23b44cf8d359193cb817de    .references-btn:focus {\n        border:none;\n        outline: 0;\n    }\n<\/style>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"parent":23224,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-v2.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-37581","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - 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